How to Play Dreidel

Co-authored by Avrohom Rapoport

Last Updated: June 15, 2025 Approved

Dreidel is a traditional game of chance, and one of the most well-known symbols of Hanukkah.^{[1]
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Research source}^{[2]
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Avrohom Rapoport
Rabbi and Judaism Expert

Expert Interview} The dreidel is a four-sided top with a different Hebrew letter on each side.^{[3]
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Avrohom Rapoport
Rabbi and Judaism Expert

Expert Interview} The game dates back at least to the time when the Greek King Antiochus IV (175 BCE) had outlawed Jewish worship. Jews who gathered to study the Torah would play dreidel to fool soldiers into thinking they were just gambling.^{[4]
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Research source} Now, it's usually played to see who can win the most gelt (chocolate coins wrapped in gold foil). With a dreidel and some tokens, you can take part in this holiday tradition, too. We'll show you how!

The next Hanukkah is the evening of Sunday, December 14 – Monday, December 22, 2025.

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The dreidel you will get will depend on where you live. Outside of Israel, the four letters on the sides of the dreidel are Nun, Gimmel, Hay, and Shin, which stand for "A Great Miracle Happened There,"^{[5]
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Research source} referring to the miracle of the oil.^{[6]
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Avrohom Rapoport
Rabbi and Judaism Expert

Expert Interview} In Israel, where the miracle happened, the dreidel has the letters Nun, Gimmel, Hay, and Pey, which means "A Great Miracle Happened Here."
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Gather friends. You can play with as few as two, but the more the merrier!
- Distribute tokens evenly among all of the players. The tokens can be any little thing: pennies, nuts, raisins, matchsticks, etc. A lot of people use gelt.
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Ante up. Before each spin, players put one token in the middle of the circle to create "the pot."^{[7]
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- Every time the pot is emptied, or there's only one token left, every player should put a token in the pot.
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Take turns spinning the dreidel. When it's your turn, spin the dreidel once. The letter which comes up once it stops spinning determines whether you win, lose, or draw.^{[8]
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Avrohom Rapoport
Rabbi and Judaism Expert

Expert Interview} According to the letter appearing, the player should perform the following action:^{[9]
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- Shin ("shtel" or "put in" in Yiddish) - Put one more token in the pot.^{[10]
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- Nun ("nisht"or "nothing" (in Yiddish) - Do nothing.^{[11]
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- Gimmel ("gantz"or "everything" in Yiddish) - Take all tokens from the pot.^{[12]
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- Hay ("halb"or "half" in Yiddish) - Take half of all tokens lying in the pot.^{[13]
  X
  Expert Source
  
  Avrohom Rapoport
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  Expert Interview} In case of an odd number of tokens, round up.
- If you run out of tokens, you are either "out," or you may ask another player for a loan.
^{[14]
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Question

If I get gimmel and take all the coins from the pot, do I have to put a token back in because the pot is empty?

$Lil\' Bea$

Lil\' Bea

Community Answer

No, once all of the tokens in the pot are collected, the next person to play will then put in another token. In some versions of this game, all players will put in one of their tokens.

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Can I put in more than one token when the pot is empty?

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Yes, you can.

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How many tokens do I need to start with?

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Split the amount of tokens you have evenly among the players. Deal it like you would deal out a deck of cards.

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Don't have a dreidel? Download the pattern and make one for yourself!^{[15]
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Research source} Many websites offer free patterns you can print out and use to make your own dreidel.

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In Israel, the letter shin is usually replaced with the letter peh for the word "poh" to create the phrase "a great miracle happened here."^{[16]
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In Yiddish, the dreidel is also called "fargle" and "varfl." In Israel, the Hebrew term "sevivon" (from the root meaning "turn around or spin") is used.

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