Justine Borzumato

Biology Teacher

Justine Borzumato is a Biology Teacher at the Wardlaw+Hartridge School in Edison, New Jersey. Justine has been teaching biology since 2015 and has taught courses including AP Biology, Honors Biology, Epidemiology, and Anatomy and Physiology. She received her Bachelor of Science in Biology from Loyola University Maryland and a Master of Science in Biology from New York University.

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Q&A Comments (4)

How can I make an accurate animal cell model?

Make sure you're laying out all of the additional components that an animal cell has that a plant cell does not have, or you don't want to add something extra that a plant cell has, like a chloroplast. Animal cells don't have that. So you don't want to add that in, and you don't want to miss all of the special organelles, which would be the endoplasmic reticulum, the nucleus, the smooth and the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the lysosomes, the vesicles, and all of those additional components. Another tip is that when making a model, you can typically only put one of each thing in, and with models, you always have to be aware that it's not going to be exactly how it is in a real animal cell. Obviously, we have more than one mitochondria in an animal cell, yet in a model, typically, we're just showing one.

Can I do this with a Heart model?

Yes! I've done this with my students and we made it inflate and deflate and have arteries and veins working in and out of the heart model.

What is the difference between a food web and a food chain?

So in a typical food chain, where this thing eats this thing and this thing eats another thing, there's no variety in that, and it's a linear sequence where one organism eats another. In a food web, for example, we humans eat a variety of plants, and we might also eat animals. So the chain is not so linear. It's more like a web where there are many different branches coming out, and they're connecting in different locations. It's not just one organism that eats only one other organism.

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Co-authored Articles (15)

How to

Draw a Food Web

Creating a food web is a really great way to learn more about how organisms and animals live in their natural habitats. While a food chain shows how ecosystems function in a linear way, a food web is a more visual approa...

How to

Use a Microscope

A microscope is a device that magnifies an image, allowing you to see small structures in detail. Although they come in a variety of sizes, microscopes for home and school use generally have similar parts: a base, an eye...

How to

Draw the Internal Structure of the Heart

Are you fascinated with anatomy, or looking to take your drawing skills to the next level? Drawing realistic anatomy can be a challenge. To draw the internal structure of a human heart, follow the steps below.

How to

Make a Model of DNA Using Common Materials

Making a model of DNA is a great way to learn about how this magnificent structure builds our genes and determines our genetic makeup. DNA is made up of sugars and phosphates that control the color of our eyes, our heigh...

How to

Use a Light Microscope

Light microscopes are used by scientists and science lovers alike to magnify small specimens like bacteria. They are less powerful than alternatives like electron microscopes but also much cheaper and more practical for ...

How to

Draw an Animal Cell

Cells are one of the most basic building blocks of life. Whether single-celled or multi-celled, all organisms have them. Animal cells differ from plant cells in several regards though, including the lack of vacuoles, chl...

How to

Make a Model Cell

A cell model is a 3-dimensional structure showing the parts of a plant or an animal cell. You can make a model cell with things from around your house, or you can buy a few simple items to create a fun, educational proje...

How to

Prepare Microscope Slides

Microscope slides are used to examine single-celled organisms and to look up-close at small plants and organisms. There are two types of prepared slides: dry mounts and wet mounts. Each type of preparation method is used...

How to

Focus a Microscope

An easy, step-by-step guide to focusing a microscopeA microscope can help you observe things that you can't see with the naked eye, such as bacteria. However, if you do not know how to focus your microscope correctly, yo...

How to

Use a Centrifuge

A centrifuge is a type of research equipment that spins a liquid suspension at high rotation rates to separate it into distinct layers based on density. Because of these high rotation rates, centrifuges are delicate, can...

The 3 Pillars of Cell Theory and Their History

Our guide to the principles of cell theory and how it was discoveredOur simple cell theory primer will get you up to speed with easy explanations on the 3 main points of classic cell theory, the 3 main points of modern c...

How to

Build a Model Lung

Building a model lung is a fun way to participate in a science fair, complete an assignment for class, or simply learn more about how the human body works. Creating a model lung is simple, and uses materials that you pro...

How to

Determine Genotype

DNA encodes all of the traits possessed by any one organism. Certain combinations of DNA nucleotides will create different genotypes, or pairs of traits. The traits represented in a genotype can be dominant or recessive,...

How to

Classify Animals

From the humblest jellyfish to the most advanced primates, the animal kingdom houses an extremely diverse selection of organisms. It is estimated that between 9 and 10 million unique species of animals exist on Earth. To...

How to

Simulate Stomach Acid

If you're doing an experiment in your home, it's best to stick with common kitchen ingredients to simulate stomach acid. You probably already have items at home you can use. Additionally, you can simulate the stomach usi...